机器学习算法支撑现代诊断辅助软件,这在临床实践中证明了有价值的,特别是放射学。然而,不准确的是,主要是由于临床样本的可用性有限,用于培训这些算法,妨碍他们在临床医生中更广泛的适用性,接受和识别。我们对最先进的自动质量控制(QC)方法进行了分析,可以在这些算法中实现,以估计其输出的确定性。我们验证了识别磁共振成像数据中的白质超收缩性(WMH)的大脑图像分割任务上最有前途的方法。 WMH是在上层前期成年中常见的小血管疾病的关联,并且由于其变化的尺寸和分布模式而尤其具有挑战性。我们的研究结果表明,不确定度和骰子预测的聚集在此任务的故障检测中最有效。两种方法在0.82至0.84的情况下独立改善平均骰子。我们的工作揭示了QC方法如何有助于检测失败的分割案例,从而使自动分割更可靠,适合临床实践。
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The task of reconstructing 3D human motion has wideranging applications. The gold standard Motion capture (MoCap) systems are accurate but inaccessible to the general public due to their cost, hardware and space constraints. In contrast, monocular human mesh recovery (HMR) methods are much more accessible than MoCap as they take single-view videos as inputs. Replacing the multi-view Mo- Cap systems with a monocular HMR method would break the current barriers to collecting accurate 3D motion thus making exciting applications like motion analysis and motiondriven animation accessible to the general public. However, performance of existing HMR methods degrade when the video contains challenging and dynamic motion that is not in existing MoCap datasets used for training. This reduces its appeal as dynamic motion is frequently the target in 3D motion recovery in the aforementioned applications. Our study aims to bridge the gap between monocular HMR and multi-view MoCap systems by leveraging information shared across multiple video instances of the same action. We introduce the Neural Motion (NeMo) field. It is optimized to represent the underlying 3D motions across a set of videos of the same action. Empirically, we show that NeMo can recover 3D motion in sports using videos from the Penn Action dataset, where NeMo outperforms existing HMR methods in terms of 2D keypoint detection. To further validate NeMo using 3D metrics, we collected a small MoCap dataset mimicking actions in Penn Action,and show that NeMo achieves better 3D reconstruction compared to various baselines.
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Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to be able to perform new tasks based on a few demonstrations or natural language instructions. While these capabilities have led to widespread adoption, most LLMs are developed by resource-rich organizations and are frequently kept from the public. As a step towards democratizing this powerful technology, we present BLOOM, a 176B-parameter open-access language model designed and built thanks to a collaboration of hundreds of researchers. BLOOM is a decoder-only Transformer language model that was trained on the ROOTS corpus, a dataset comprising hundreds of sources in 46 natural and 13 programming languages (59 in total). We find that BLOOM achieves competitive performance on a wide variety of benchmarks, with stronger results after undergoing multitask prompted finetuning. To facilitate future research and applications using LLMs, we publicly release our models and code under the Responsible AI License.
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我们介绍了一种确定全局特征解耦的方法,并显示其适用于提高数据分析性能的适用性,并开放了新的场所以进行功能传输。我们提出了一种新的形式主义,该形式主义是基于沿特征梯度遵循轨迹来定义对子曼群的转换的。通过这些转换,我们定义了一个归一化,我们证明,它允许解耦可区分的特征。通过将其应用于采样矩,我们获得了用于正骨的准分析溶液,正尾肌肉是峰度的归一化版本,不仅与平均值和方差相关,而且还与偏度相关。我们将此方法应用于原始数据域和过滤器库的输出中,以基于全局描述符的回归和分类问题,与使用经典(未删除)描述符相比,性能得到一致且显着的改进。
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我们提出了一种从人类设计的家具布局数据中生成室内家具的布置的方法。我们的方法创建了针对指定多样性的安排,例如房间中所有家具的总价格以及放置的碎片数量。为了产生逼真的家具布置,我们在人类设计的布局上训练生成的对抗网络(GAN)。为了针对安排中的特定多样性,我们通过质量多样性算法优化GAN的潜在空间,以生成多样化的安排集合。实验表明,我们的方法发现了一系列与人类设计的布局相似的布置,但价格和家具的数量也有所不同。
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随着机器学习在整个社会中变得越来越普遍,必须仔细考虑包括数据隐私和公平性在内的各个方面,对于高度监管的行业的部署至关重要。不幸的是,增强隐私技术的应用可能会使模型中的不公平趋势恶化。尤其是用于私人模型训练,私人随机梯度下降(DPSGD)的最广泛使用的技术之一,通常会加剧对数据中的组的不同影响。在这项工作中,我们研究了DPSGD中不公平性的细粒度原因,并确定由于不公平的梯度剪辑而导致的梯度未对准是最重要的来源。该观察结果使我们采取了一种新的方法,可以通过防止DPSGD中的梯度未对准来减少不公平。
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生物医学中的多模式数据遍布,例如放射学图像和报告。大规模解释这些数据对于改善临床护理和加速临床研究至关重要。与一般领域相比,具有复杂语义的生物医学文本在视觉建模中提出了其他挑战,并且先前的工作使用了缺乏特定领域语言理解的适应性模型不足。在本文中,我们表明,有原则的文本语义建模可以大大改善自我监督的视力 - 语言处理中的对比度学习。我们发布了一种实现最先进的语言模型,从而通过改进的词汇和新颖的语言预测客观的客观利用语义和话语特征在放射学报告中获得了自然语言推断。此外,我们提出了一种自我监督的联合视觉 - 语言方法,重点是更好的文本建模。它在广泛的公开基准上建立了新的最新结果,部分是通过利用我们新的特定领域的语言模型。我们释放了一个新的数据集,该数据集具有放射科医生的局部对齐短语接地注释,以促进生物医学视觉处理中复杂语义建模的研究。广泛的评估,包括在此新数据集中,表明我们的对比学习方法在文本语义建模的帮助下,尽管仅使用了全球对准目标,但在细分任务中的表现都优于细分任务中的先验方法。
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压力溃疡在ICU患者中具有很高的患病率,但如果以初始阶段识别,则可预防。在实践中,布拉登规模用于分类高风险患者。本文通过使用MIMIC-III V1.4中可用的数据调查了在电子健康中使用机器学习记录数据的使用。制定了两个主要贡献:评估考虑在住宿期间所有预测的模型的新方法,以及用于机器学习模型的新培训方法。结果与现有技术相比,表现出卓越的性能;此外,所有型号在精密召回曲线中的每个工作点都超过了Braden刻度。 - - les \〜oes por按\〜ao possuem alta preval \ ^ encia em pacientes de Uti e s \〜ao preven \'iveis ao serem endicidificadas em Est \'agios Iniciais。 na pr \'atica materiza-se a escala de braden para classifica \ c {c} \〜ao de pacientes em risco。 Este Artigo Investiga o Uso de Apenizado de M \'Aquina Em Dados de Registros Eletr \ ^ Onicos Para Este Fim,Parir Da Base dados Mimic-III V1.4。 s \〜ao feitas duas contribui \ c {c} \〜oes principais:uma nova abordagem para a avalia \ c {c} \〜ao dos modelos e da escala da escala de braden levando em conta todas作为predi \ c {c} \ 〜oes feitas ao longo das interna \ c {c} \〜oes,euro novo m \'etodo de treinamento para os modelos de aprendizo de m \'aquina。 os结果os overidos superam o estado da arte everifica-se que os modelos superam意义a escala de braden em todos oS pontos de Opera \ c {c} \〜〜ao da curva de precis \〜ao por sensibilidade。
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迄今为止,迄今为止,众所周知,对广泛的互补临床相关任务进行了全面比较了医学图像登记方法。这限制了采用研究进展,以防止竞争方法的公平基准。在过去五年内已经探讨了许多新的学习方法,但优化,建筑或度量战略的问题非常适合仍然是开放的。 Learn2reg涵盖了广泛的解剖学:脑,腹部和胸部,方式:超声波,CT,MRI,群体:患者内部和患者内部和监督水平。我们为3D注册的培训和验证建立了较低的入境障碍,这帮助我们从20多个独特的团队中汇编了65多个单独的方法提交的结果。我们的互补度量集,包括稳健性,准确性,合理性和速度,使得能够独特地位了解当前的医学图像登记现状。进一步分析监督问题的转移性,偏见和重要性,主要是基于深度学习的方法的优越性,并将新的研究方向开放到利用GPU加速的常规优化的混合方法。
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Real-world robotic grasping can be done robustly if a complete 3D Point Cloud Data (PCD) of an object is available. However, in practice, PCDs are often incomplete when objects are viewed from few and sparse viewpoints before the grasping action, leading to the generation of wrong or inaccurate grasp poses. We propose a novel grasping strategy, named 3DSGrasp, that predicts the missing geometry from the partial PCD to produce reliable grasp poses. Our proposed PCD completion network is a Transformer-based encoder-decoder network with an Offset-Attention layer. Our network is inherently invariant to the object pose and point's permutation, which generates PCDs that are geometrically consistent and completed properly. Experiments on a wide range of partial PCD show that 3DSGrasp outperforms the best state-of-the-art method on PCD completion tasks and largely improves the grasping success rate in real-world scenarios. The code and dataset will be made available upon acceptance.
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